Start 1045 medium carbon steel at 80 SFM with a HSS lathe tool bit: about 306 RPM on 1 inch stock. Rough at 0.0060 in/rev and about 0.03 inch depth of cut, finish at 0.003 in/rev and 0.005 inch.
What RPM and feed for 1045 medium carbon steel?
| Work diameter | Ideal RPM | RPM on a 2500 RPM mini lathe |
|---|---|---|
| 0.25" | 1,222 | 1,222 |
| 0.5" | 611 | 611 |
| 0.75" | 407 | 407 |
| 1" | 306 | 306 |
| 1.5" | 204 | 204 |
| 2" | 153 | 153 |
| 3" | 102 | 102 |
| 4" | 76 | 76 |
Feed: roughing about 0.0060 in/rev at 0.03 inch depth of cut; finishing about 0.003 in/rev at 0.005 inch. On a 7x mini lathe the power feed rates are fixed by the change gears, so pick the nearest.
Tools for cutting 1045 medium carbon steel
How does 1045 medium carbon steel machine?
1045 is a stronger, harder medium carbon steel used for shafts and pins. It machines to a better finish than 1018 but needs slower speeds and a rigid setup; it can be flame hardened after machining.
Why a HSS lathe tool bit?
Ground HSS tool bits are the classic mini lathe tool: they can be ground razor sharp with positive rake, which is exactly what a low-power lathe needs to cut without pushing the work away.
Adjust speeds with the RPM calculator and milling feeds with the feed rate calculator. The cutting speed chart compares every material.
Frequently asked questions
What SFM for 1045 medium carbon steel?
A starting surface speed of 80 SFM with HSS and 300 SFM with carbide, and 70 SFM for HSS drills. These are conservative for hobby machines; raise them in steps if the chips come off clean and the tool stays cool. 1045 medium carbon steel rates fair (about 57%) for machinability.
What happens if my machine cannot reach the RPM?
Run at your top speed. Running below the ideal surface speed only makes the job slower; it does not damage the tool. For milling and drilling, keep the chip load per tooth or feed per revolution the same so the edge keeps cutting instead of rubbing, which lowers the feed in inches per minute in proportion.
Other tools in 1045 medium carbon steel
Other materials with a HSS lathe tool
- 6061-T6 aluminum
- 7075-T6 aluminum
- 360 free-machining brass
- 932 bearing bronze
- 110 copper
- 12L14 leaded steel
- 1018 cold rolled steel
- 4140 alloy steel (annealed)
- All